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The Sentience of Plants
Cedar Trees

According to one modern scientific definition, sentience is the ability to experience feelings, be responsive or conscious of sensations, the capability to feel things outside of oneself through the physical senses.

The intelligence or sentience in plants is still highly debated in scientific communities. But Amma has said: "We must remember that everything is sentient, everything is full of consciousness and life. Everything exists in God. Plants and trees also have emotions and can feel fear. When somebody approaches a tree or plant with an ax or a hacking knife, the plant is afraid; it trembles with fear. You need a subtle ear to hear its cries, a subtle eye to see its helplessness, and a subtle mind to feel its fear. You do not see a plant’s suffering, but you can feel it with a compassionate heart. To see the suffering of a plant, your mind’s eye must be open. When we have a loving and compassionate attitude towards plants and trees, we can learn to listen and to understand them."

Stefano Mancuso, the director of the International Laboratory of Plant Neurobiology in Florence, Italy, in his book, Brilliant Green: The Surprising History and Science of Plant Intelligence, addresses the ways plants use the senses of sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing and how they additionally use other senses that we humans don’t have. He further elaborates on the topic of how plants communicate with themselves, with each other and even with animals.

For example, they are now documenting that plants hear much in the same way that animals without ears hear, like snakes and worms. They hear by vibration. The earth and soil conduct vibrations so well that vibrations can be captured by the cells of the plant, as if it were covered with millions of tiny ears, and this sense of hearing also helps the plant feel the sense of touch.

One famous experiment that has been validated many times through repetition, demonstrated that music with lower sound frequencies promotes seed germination, plant growth and root lengthening, and that higher frequencies tend to inhibit growth. Classical and jazz have been shown to promote growth. Plants have even grown towards and entwined themselves around speakers that are playing Beethoven, Brahms and Schubert. But heavy metal and some types of rock music have been shown to inhibit plant growth. Plants have been shown to grow away from loud speakers that are playing heavy metal and rock music.

In Italy, grape vines that received musical treatment didn’t just simply grow better than those that did not get to listen to music, but they also ripened earlier, producing grapes richer in flavor and color. Music also kept the insects away by disorienting them, which made it possible to drastically reduce the use of pesticides. This has brought into being a new branch of agricultural biology called agricultural photobiology which is being promoted by the United Nations as one of 100 projects that they hope will change the world towards a green economy in the next 20 years.

Understanding that plants are sentient beings has the potential to affect the way we treat nature; it can affect our attitude towards it and ultimately our understanding of ourselves and the world we live in.

Similar to the findings of these experiments, Amma states, "Modern science says that trees and plants respond to the thoughts and actions of human beings. Scientists have created instruments that can detect and register the feelings of plants and in some cases, even measure the intensity of such feelings. They have observed that, through loveless actions and lack of compassion, plants also suffer."

To help raise our awareness regarding plants and all of nature, we can begin to ask how we can see ourselves as inseparable from nature, and the roles we can play to protect and preserve Mother Nature.

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In a satsang given by Swami Shantamritananda as part of an Amritaculture course, he asked us what have we done to repay the debt we owe to nature for all the oxygen we’ve breathed in our life so far and will continue to breathe until we drop this body? How have we given back to the sun that has provided energy for the plants to grow, the plants that have fed us for all these years? Or for the metal that has been mined to create the steel beams and the wood cut from the trees that are used to construct the houses and buildings we live and work in?

Swami Shantamritananda said parents know that it does not occur to their children to pay them back for all that they’re doing to raise them in this world. He said that nature is also patient with us in this way. But once we grow into maturity and become adults, we have the opportunity to realize what we’ve been given by nature and to give back to her what we can, in order to live in harmony with its cycles.

Amma says, "Our thoughts and actions have an effect on Nature. If the balance in nature is lost, the harmony of human life will also be lost. The destruction of nature is the same thing as the destruction of humanity. Our biological mother may carry us on her lap for a few years, but mother earth will tolerate all our abuses and take care of us for our entire lifespan. We have forgotten the truth that nature is a powerful force—just as capable of retribution as redemption. Perhaps Mother Nature has begun to realize that being patient will not improve humankind. Therefore, let us learn to bow our heads in humility to nature. Let us learn to treat nature with love and respect."

Shantamritanandaji also told a story about when he first met Amma. He used to be concerned that human beings could destroy nature. But Amma said, "a man may think he can push a button and destroy the planet (meaning the button to launch a nuclear war), but where does the power to push that button come from? The power to push that button doesn’t belong to him. He can only push that button if he is given the permission to push that button."

Swamiji said these words from Amma shifted his mind. He said every bit of destruction we’ve done so far is only because nature is being patient with us. With a flick of her wrist she can remove us from her lap.

Amma often says that before we eat something, we should take a moment to reflect on how that food arrived on our plate. "Not a grain of the food we eat is made purely by our own effort. What comes to us in the form of food is the work of others, the bounty of nature and God’s compassion. Never eat anything without first praying with humility and gratitude."

A farmer sows seeds, cares for the crops, harvests them and sells them at the market. A processing plant with all its employees, packages the goods and sells them to the retail outlets. Trucks and drivers transport them. We travel to a store to buy them, usually in a car made by other people and made with metals and combined elements from the earth, where someone unloads the truck, and others stock the shelves, and still others stand at the cash register to sell these goods to us. If you are eating off of a plate, who made that plate? Who mined what was needed to create it? Who shaped it? What about the silverware or the table and chairs many of us use? We can be grateful for how intertwined our human community is even when it comes to just one simple meal, by acknowledging all the plants that gave their lives for us.

To deepen our relationship with plants and nature, Amma says, "Carpooling, nurturing honeybees, planting trees, cleaning the environment, waste management and growing vegetables were recommended many years ago, and Amma’s children are doing that. Even if we only have a tiny plot of land, we should try to grow a few vegetables using organic fertilizers. But never grieve. What is the use of feeling sad if a plant that we have grown withers away? Plant another one without brooding over the lost one. This relationship will give us a new vitality. We can create heaven right here by doing such things like growing our plants with love. Looking at nature and observing her selfless way of giving, we can become aware of our own limitations. This will help us develop devotion and surrender to God. Nature can bring us closer to God and teach us how to truly worship the divine. The royal path to a beautiful and inclusive world is the way of equal vision. As this equal vision increases in society, the lost harmony of the world can be regained. Amma offers a prayer to the Paramātmā (Supreme Self) that this vision of unity may shine in all her children!"

In conclusion, now that we’ve had a look at the sentience of plants and taken a view into how we might become more aware of the value of our relationship with nature, including how food gets to our table, we could further our efforts towards honoring and serving nature and all plants, by following Amma’s advice in her words throughout this article. Additionally, we could cultivate our own personal awareness of the sentience of plants by spending time in the woods, feeling what the trees are feeling, talking to the bushes, communing with the flowers and herbs, and meditating in nature, feeling the Oneness, the deep silence.

Divya Nancy Griffiths , Albuquerque, New Mexico

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Read On Nature Deficit Disorder in the Q1 2024 Newsletter >>

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